If there is any misalignment the observer will see an arc segment instead. If the (light) source, the massive lensing object, and the observer lie in a straight line, the original light source will appear as a ring around the massive lensing object. With the basis laid by Einstein's work, it was found later later that a gravitational lens has no single focal point, but a focal line instead. Einstein theorized that unlike an optical lens, maximum 'bending' occurs closest to, and minimum 'bending' furthest from, the center of a gravitational lens. lensing in print, the effect is more commonly associated with Einstein, who published a more famous article on the subject in 1936. Although Orest Chwolson (1924) or Frantisek Klin (1936) are sometimes credited as being the first ones to discuss the g. The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory.Įinstein's general theory of relativity predicted gravitational lensing as a scientific possibility. While best known for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc 2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"), he received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". Newton's work with optics combined with his Theory of Gravitation later formed the basis for gravitational lensing as a scientific pursuit.Īlbert Einstein (English pron.: / ˈ æ l b ər t ˈ aɪ n s t aɪ n / German: ( listen) 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). During this period he investigated the refraction of light, demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colors, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicolored spectrum into white light. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics and shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the invention of the infinitesimal calculus.įrom 1670 to 1672, Newton lectured on optics. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for most of classical mechanics. Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727) was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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